Analysis & Identification
Learn how organic lab samples are checked, compared, and identified through physical properties, quick bench methods, and instrumental analysis.
Bench logic first: what are you trying to learn from a sample? Choose a practical starting point before moving into advanced characterization.
Choose the kind of answer you need first.
Analysis is about answering specific questions. Start with the most efficient method for your current goal.
Check a measurable property
Need a direct value like melting point or density to verify a known substance.
Physical PropertiesRun a fast bench check
Quick comparison or reaction monitoring at the bench using TLC or simple visual checks.
Quick ChecksCollect stronger evidence
Requires structural, compositional, or separation data via instrumental techniques.
Instrumental AnalysisDirectory by topic
Browse the complete structural catalog of analysis methods, from physical constants to advanced spectroscopy.
Physical Properties
Check identity through measurable characteristics and physical constants.
TLC & Quick Checks
Fast, practical methods for screening and progress monitoring.
Instrumental Analysis
Deep characterization using spectroscopy, chromatography, and MS.
- Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)→
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)→
- UV-Vis Spectroscopy→
- Gas Chromatography (GC)→
- Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)→
- Mass Spectrometry (MS)→
Classical Identification Tests
Functional-group level identification for teaching and comparative work.
Analytical Sample Preparation
Proper handling and preparation of samples before analysis.
Bench logic: matching question to method.
Don’t start with an instrument. Start with the logic of your search.
Direct Physical Evidence
When you need a single, verifiable constant (MP, RI, [α]). Best for verifying known solids or liquids.
Screening & Comparison
When you need to see if a reaction is done or compare two vials quickly. TLC is the gold standard here.
Molecular Characterization
When “what is this?” is the question. Requires functional group (IR), connectivity (NMR), or mass data.
Purity & Composition
When determining how much of what is present. Chromatography (GC/HPLC) provides the quantitative breakdown.